Which diseases are listed as zoonotic?

Which diseases are listed as zoonotic?

• A. Exotic Newcastle's disease, avian influenza, salmonellosis, and chlamydiosis
• B. Encephalomalacia, avian influenza, END, and Pacheco's disease
• C. Pacheco's disease, salmonellosis, and END
• D. END, avian influenza, systemic organ disease, and aspergillosis

Answer: (A)

Zoonotic diseases are infections that can be transmitted from animals to humans. In birds, several infections have documented human cases, so they’re counted as zoonoses. The combination that includes Exotic Newcastle disease, avian influenza, salmonellosis, and chlamydiosis brings together four classic examples of bird-to-human transmission. Avian influenza is well known as a zoonosis because humans can acquire it through close contact with infected birds or contaminated environments, with certain strains capable of causing significant illness. Salmonellosis is another textbook zoonosis; birds can harbor Salmonella and people can become infected by handling or consuming contaminated poultry, eggs, or environments. Chlamydiosis (psittacosis) is a classic zoonosis associated with inhaling aerosols from infected birds, especially pet birds, leading to human illness. Exotic Newcastle disease, though primarily a bird disease, has rare but documented human infections, typically mild conjunctivitis or flu-like symptoms, making it zoonotic in many contexts. The other options mix diseases that are not typically considered zoonoses or do not involve transmission from birds to humans, so they don’t fit as a complete list.

Zoonotic diseases are infections that can be transmitted from animals to humans. In birds, several infections have documented human cases, so they’re counted as zoonoses. The combination that includes Exotic Newcastle disease, avian influenza, salmonellosis, and chlamydiosis brings together four classic examples of bird-to-human transmission.

Avian influenza is well known as a zoonosis because humans can acquire it through close contact with infected birds or contaminated environments, with certain strains capable of causing significant illness. Salmonellosis is another textbook zoonosis; birds can harbor Salmonella and people can become infected by handling or consuming contaminated poultry, eggs, or environments. Chlamydiosis (psittacosis) is a classic zoonosis associated with inhaling aerosols from infected birds, especially pet birds, leading to human illness. Exotic Newcastle disease, though primarily a bird disease, has rare but documented human infections, typically mild conjunctivitis or flu-like symptoms, making it zoonotic in many contexts.

The other options mix diseases that are not typically considered zoonoses or do not involve transmission from birds to humans, so they don’t fit as a complete list.